onboarding-cro

# Onboarding CRO

You are an expert in user onboarding and activation. Your goal is to help users reach their "aha moment" as quickly as possible and establish habits that lead to long-term retention.

## Initial Assessment

**Check for product marketing context first:**
If `.agents/product-marketing-context.md` exists (or `.claude/product-marketing-context.md` in older setups), read it before asking questions. Use that context and only ask for information not already covered or specific to this task.

Before providing recommendations, understand:

1. **Product Context** - What type of product? B2B or B2C? Core value proposition?
2. **Activation Definition** - What's the "aha moment"? What action indicates a user "gets it"?
3. **Current State** - What happens after signup? Where do users drop off?

---

## Core Principles

### 1. Time-to-Value Is Everything
Remove every step between signup and experiencing core value.

### 2. One Goal Per Session
Focus first session on one successful outcome. Save advanced features for later.

### 3. Do, Don't Show
Interactive > Tutorial. Doing the thing > Learning about the thing.

### 4. Progress Creates Motivation
Show advancement. Celebrate completions. Make the path visible.

---

## Defining Activation

### Find Your Aha Moment

The action that correlates most strongly with retention:
- What do retained users do that churned users don't?
- What's the earliest indicator of future engagement?

**Examples by product type:**
- Project management: Create first project + add team member
- Analytics: Install tracking + see first report
- Design tool: Create first design + export/share
- Marketplace: Complete first transaction

### Activation Metrics
- % of signups who reach activation
- Time to activation
- Steps to activation
- Activation by cohort/source

---

## Onboarding Flow Design

### Immediate Post-Signup (First 30 Seconds)

| Approach | Best For | Risk |
|----------|----------|------|
| Product-first | Simple products, B2C, mobile | Blank slate overwhelm |
| Guided setup | Products needing personalization | Adds friction before value |
| Value-first | Products with demo data | May not feel "real" |

**Whatever you choose:**
- Clear single next action
- No dead ends
- Progress indication if multi-step

### Onboarding Checklist Pattern

**When to use:**
- Multiple setup steps required
- Product has several features to discover
- Self-serve B2B products

**Best practices:**
- 3-7 items (not overwhelming)
- Order by value (most impactful first)
- Start with quick wins
- Progress bar/completion %
- Celebration on completion
- Dismiss option (don't trap users)

### Empty States

Empty states are onboarding opportunities, not dead ends.

**Good empty state:**
- Explains what this area is for
- Shows what it looks like with data
- Clear primary action to add first item
- Optional: Pre-populate with example data

### Tooltips and Guided Tours

**When to use:** Complex UI, features that aren't self-evident, power features users might miss

**Best practices:**
- Max 3-5 steps per tour
- Dismissable at any time
- Don't repeat for returning users

---

## Multi-Channel Onboarding

### Email + In-App Coordination

**Trigger-based emails:**
- Welcome email (immediate)
- Incomplete onboarding (24h, 72h)
- Activation achieved (celebration + next step)
- Feature discovery (days 3, 7, 14)

**Email should:**
- Reinforce in-app actions, not duplicate them
- Drive back to product with specific CTA
- Be personalized based on actions taken

---

## Handling Stalled Users

### Detection
Define "stalled" criteria (X days inactive, incomplete setup)

### Re-engagement Tactics

1. **Email sequence** - Reminder of value, address blockers, offer help
2. **In-app recovery** - Welcome back, pick up where left off
3. **Human touch** - For high-value accounts, personal outreach

---

## Measurement

### Key Metrics

| Metric | Description |
|--------|-------------|
| Activation rate | % reaching activation event |
| Time to activation | How long to first value |
| Onboarding completion | % completing setup |
| Day 1/7/30 retention | Return rate by timeframe |

### Funnel Analysis

Track drop-off at each step:
```
Signup → Step 1 → Step 2 → Activation → Retention
100%      80%       60%       40%         25%
```

Identify biggest drops and focus there.

---

## Output Format

### Onboarding Audit
For each issue: Finding → Impact → Recommendation → Priority

### Onboarding Flow Design
- Activation goal
- Step-by-step flow
- Checklist items (if applicable)
- Empty state copy
- Email sequence triggers
- Metrics plan

---

## Common Patterns by Product Type

| Product Type | Key Steps |
|--------------|-----------|
| B2B SaaS | Setup wizard → First value action → Team invite → Deep setup |
| Marketplace | Complete profile → Browse → First transaction → Repeat loop |
| Mobile App | Permissions → Quick win → Push setup → Habit loop |
| Content Platform | Follow/customize → Consume → Create → Engage |

---

## Experiment Ideas

When recommending experiments, consider tests for:
- Flow simplification (step count, ordering)
- Progress and motivation mechanics
- Personalization by role or goal
- Support and help availability

**For comprehensive experiment ideas**: See [references/experiments.md](references/experiments.md)

---

## Task-Specific Questions

1. What action most correlates with retention?
2. What happens immediately after signup?
3. Where do users currently drop off?
4. What's your activation rate target?
5. Do you have cohort analysis on successful vs. churned users?

---

## Related Skills

- **signup-flow-cro**: For optimizing the signup before onboarding
- **email-sequence**: For onboarding email series
- **paywall-upgrade-cro**: For converting to paid during/after onboarding
- **ab-test-setup**: For testing onboarding changes

{
  "skill_name": "onboarding-cro",
  "evals": [
    {
      "id": 1,
      "prompt": "Help me optimize our onboarding flow. We have a project management tool and only 30% of trial users create their first project within the first week. We need to get them to value faster.",
      "expected_output": "Should check for product-marketing-context.md first. Should start by defining the activation/aha moment — in this case, creating a first project. Should evaluate the current time-to-value and identify friction points. Should recommend an onboarding flow approach (product-first, guided setup, or value-first). Should apply the checklist pattern (3-7 items for onboarding completion). Should address empty states as opportunities to guide users. Should provide experiment ideas for testing improvements. Should include measurement metrics.",
      "assertions": [
        "Checks for product-marketing-context.md",
        "Defines the activation/aha moment",
        "Evaluates time-to-value",
        "Recommends onboarding flow approach",
        "Applies checklist pattern with 3-7 items",
        "Addresses empty states as opportunities",
        "Provides experiment ideas",
        "Includes measurement metrics"
      ],
      "files": []
    },
    {
      "id": 2,
      "prompt": "What should our onboarding checklist include? We're a design collaboration tool. Users need to upload a design, invite a team member, and leave a comment to get full value.",
      "expected_output": "Should apply the checklist pattern. Should include the 3 stated activation actions (upload design, invite team, leave comment). Should recommend 3-7 total items ordered by increasing commitment. Should suggest starting with the quickest win to build momentum. Should recommend progress indicators and completion rewards. Should address what happens when users skip items. Should provide specific UX recommendations for the checklist implementation.",
      "assertions": [
        "Applies checklist pattern",
        "Includes the 3 stated activation actions",
        "Limits to 3-7 total items",
        "Orders by increasing commitment",
        "Starts with quickest win",
        "Recommends progress indicators",
        "Addresses skipped items",
        "Provides UX recommendations"
      ],
      "files": []
    },
    {
      "id": 3,
      "prompt": "our users sign up but then never come back. like 50% don't even log in a second time. what do we do?",
      "expected_output": "Should trigger on casual phrasing. Should address this as a stalled users problem. Should apply the handling stalled users framework: identify drop-off points, re-engagement triggers, multi-channel outreach (email, in-app, push). Should investigate root causes: is the first-run experience too complex? Is value not immediately apparent? Is the setup too long? Should recommend immediate improvements to the first session experience. Should suggest multi-channel onboarding (email sequences to bring them back). Should cross-reference email-sequence for re-engagement emails.",
      "assertions": [
        "Triggers on casual phrasing",
        "Applies stalled users framework",
        "Identifies potential root causes for drop-off",
        "Recommends first-session experience improvements",
        "Suggests multi-channel onboarding",
        "Cross-references email-sequence for re-engagement",
        "Provides specific re-engagement triggers"
      ],
      "files": []
    },
    {
      "id": 4,
      "prompt": "How do we handle the empty state when a new user first logs in? Right now they just see a blank dashboard.",
      "expected_output": "Should apply the empty states as opportunities guidance. Should recommend turning the blank dashboard into a guided experience: sample data to show what the product looks like populated, a clear first action CTA, contextual tips, or a quick-start wizard. Should provide specific recommendations for empty state design: what to show, what action to prompt, how to reduce the 'blank canvas paralysis.' Should reference patterns by product type if applicable.",
      "assertions": [
        "Applies empty states as opportunities guidance",
        "Recommends alternatives to blank dashboard",
        "Suggests sample data or templates",
        "Provides clear first action CTA",
        "Addresses blank canvas paralysis",
        "Provides specific empty state design recommendations"
      ],
      "files": []
    },
    {
      "id": 5,
      "prompt": "Should we use tooltips, a product tour, or a setup wizard for onboarding? What works best?",
      "expected_output": "Should apply the tooltips/guided tours guidance. Should compare the approaches: tooltips (contextual, on-demand, less intrusive), product tours (guided walkthrough, can overwhelm), setup wizards (structured, ensures key setup steps). Should recommend based on product complexity and onboarding goals. Should note that the best approach often combines elements. Should provide best practices for each: tooltip fatigue avoidance, tour length limits, wizard step count. Should recommend testing different approaches.",
      "assertions": [
        "Compares tooltips, product tours, and setup wizards",
        "Explains when each works best",
        "Notes that combination approaches often work",
        "Provides best practices for each",
        "Addresses tooltip fatigue and tour length",
        "Recommends testing different approaches"
      ],
      "files": []
    },
    {
      "id": 6,
      "prompt": "Our signup form has 8 fields and people keep dropping off. Can you help us fix the signup flow?",
      "expected_output": "Should recognize this is a signup flow optimization task, not post-signup onboarding. Should defer to or cross-reference the signup-flow-cro skill, which handles signup form optimization, field reduction, and registration flow design. Onboarding-cro covers what happens after signup. Should make this distinction clear.",
      "assertions": [
        "Recognizes this as signup flow optimization, not onboarding",
        "References or defers to signup-flow-cro skill",
        "Explains that onboarding-cro covers post-signup",
        "Does not attempt signup form redesign using onboarding patterns"
      ],
      "files": []
    }
  ]
}

# Onboarding Experiment Ideas

Comprehensive list of A/B tests and experiments for user onboarding and activation.

## Contents
- Flow Simplification Experiments (reduce friction, step sequencing, progress & motivation)
- Guided Experience Experiments (product tours, CTA optimization, UI guidance)
- Personalization Experiments (user segmentation, dynamic content)
- Quick Wins & Engagement Experiments (time-to-value, motivation mechanics, support & help)
- Email & Multi-Channel Experiments (onboarding emails, email content, feedback loops)
- Re-engagement Experiments (stalled user recovery, return experience)
- Technical & UX Experiments (performance, mobile onboarding, accessibility)
- Metrics to Track

## Flow Simplification Experiments

### Reduce Friction

| Test | Hypothesis |
|------|------------|
| Email verification timing | During vs. after onboarding |
| Empty states vs. dummy data | Pre-populated examples |
| Pre-filled templates | Accelerate setup with templates |
| OAuth options | Faster account linking |
| Required step count | Fewer required steps |
| Optional vs. required fields | Minimize requirements |
| Skip options | Allow bypassing non-critical steps |

### Step Sequencing

| Test | Hypothesis |
|------|------------|
| Step ordering | Test different sequences |
| Value-first ordering | Highest-value features first |
| Friction placement | Move hard steps later |
| Required vs. optional balance | Ratio of required steps |
| Single vs. branching paths | One path vs. personalized |
| Quick start vs. full setup | Minimal path to value |

### Progress & Motivation

| Test | Hypothesis |
|------|------------|
| Progress bars | Show completion percentage |
| Checklist length | 3-5 items vs. 5-7 items |
| Gamification | Badges, rewards, achievements |
| Completion messaging | "X% complete" visibility |
| Starting point | Begin at 20% vs. 0% |
| Celebration moments | Acknowledge completions |

---

## Guided Experience Experiments

### Product Tours

| Test | Hypothesis |
|------|------------|
| Interactive tours | Tools like Navattic, Storylane |
| Tooltip vs. modal guidance | Subtle vs. attention-grabbing |
| Video tutorials | For complex workflows |
| Self-paced vs. guided | User control vs. structured |
| Tour length | Shorter vs. comprehensive |
| Tour triggering | Automatic vs. user-initiated |

### CTA Optimization

| Test | Hypothesis |
|------|------------|
| CTA text variations | Action-oriented copy testing |
| CTA placement | Position within screens |
| In-app tooltips | Feature discovery prompts |
| Sticky CTAs | Persist during onboarding |
| CTA contrast | Visual prominence |
| Secondary CTAs | "Learn more" vs. primary only |

### UI Guidance

| Test | Hypothesis |
|------|------------|
| Hotspot highlights | Draw attention to key features |
| Coachmarks | Contextual tips |
| Feature announcements | New feature discovery |
| Contextual help | Help where users need it |
| Search vs. guided | Self-service vs. directed |

---

## Personalization Experiments

### User Segmentation

| Test | Hypothesis |
|------|------------|
| Role-based onboarding | Different paths by role |
| Goal-based paths | Customize by stated goal |
| Role-specific dashboards | Relevant default views |
| Use-case question | Personalize based on answer |
| Industry-specific paths | Vertical customization |
| Experience-based | Beginner vs. expert paths |

### Dynamic Content

| Test | Hypothesis |
|------|------------|
| Personalized welcome | Name, company, role |
| Industry examples | Relevant use cases |
| Dynamic recommendations | Based on user answers |
| Template suggestions | Pre-filled for segment |
| Feature highlighting | Relevant to stated goals |
| Benchmark data | Industry-specific metrics |

---

## Quick Wins & Engagement Experiments

### Time-to-Value

| Test | Hypothesis |
|------|------------|
| First quick win | "Complete your first X" |
| Success messages | After key actions |
| Progress celebrations | Milestone moments |
| Next step suggestions | After each completion |
| Value demonstration | Show what they achieved |
| Outcome preview | What success looks like |

### Motivation Mechanics

| Test | Hypothesis |
|------|------------|
| Achievement badges | Gamification elements |
| Streaks | Consecutive day engagement |
| Leaderboards | Social comparison (if appropriate) |
| Rewards | Incentives for completion |
| Unlock mechanics | Features revealed progressively |

### Support & Help

| Test | Hypothesis |
|------|------------|
| Free onboarding calls | For complex products |
| Contextual help | Throughout onboarding |
| Chat support | Availability during onboarding |
| Proactive outreach | For stuck users |
| Self-service resources | Help docs, videos |
| Community access | Peer support early |

---

## Email & Multi-Channel Experiments

### Onboarding Emails

| Test | Hypothesis |
|------|------------|
| Founder welcome email | Personal vs. generic |
| Behavior-based triggers | Action/inaction based |
| Email timing | Immediate vs. delayed |
| Email frequency | More vs. fewer touches |
| Quick tips format | Short actionable content |
| Video in email | More engaging format |

### Email Content

| Test | Hypothesis |
|------|------------|
| Subject lines | Open rate optimization |
| Personalization depth | Name vs. behavior-based |
| CTA prominence | Single clear action |
| Social proof inclusion | Testimonials in email |
| Urgency messaging | Trial reminders |
| Plain text vs. designed | Format testing |

### Feedback Loops

| Test | Hypothesis |
|------|------------|
| NPS during onboarding | When to ask |
| Blocking question | "What's stopping you?" |
| NPS follow-up | Actions based on score |
| In-app feedback | Thumbs up/down on features |
| Survey timing | When to request feedback |
| Feedback incentives | Reward for completing |

---

## Re-engagement Experiments

### Stalled User Recovery

| Test | Hypothesis |
|------|------------|
| Re-engagement email timing | When to send |
| Personal outreach | Human vs. automated |
| Simplified path | Reduced steps for returners |
| Incentive offers | Discount or extended trial |
| Problem identification | Ask what's blocking |
| Demo offer | Live walkthrough |

### Return Experience

| Test | Hypothesis |
|------|------------|
| Welcome back message | Acknowledge return |
| Progress resume | Pick up where left off |
| Changed state | What happened while away |
| Re-onboarding | Fresh start option |
| Urgency messaging | Trial time remaining |

---

## Technical & UX Experiments

### Performance

| Test | Hypothesis |
|------|------------|
| Load time optimization | Faster = higher completion |
| Progressive loading | Perceived performance |
| Offline capability | Mobile experience |
| Error handling | Graceful failure recovery |

### Mobile Onboarding

| Test | Hypothesis |
|------|------------|
| Touch targets | Size and spacing |
| Swipe navigation | Mobile-native patterns |
| Screen count | Fewer screens needed |
| Input optimization | Mobile-friendly forms |
| Permission timing | When to ask |

### Accessibility

| Test | Hypothesis |
|------|------------|
| Screen reader support | Accessibility impact |
| Keyboard navigation | Non-mouse users |
| Color contrast | Visibility |
| Font sizing | Readability |

---

## Metrics to Track

For all experiments, measure:

| Metric | Description |
|--------|-------------|
| Activation rate | % reaching activation event |
| Time to activation | Hours/days to first value |
| Step completion rate | % completing each step |
| Drop-off points | Where users abandon |
| Return rate | Users who come back |
| Day 1/7/30 retention | Engagement over time |
| Feature adoption | Which features get used |
| Support requests | Volume during onboarding |